Questões de Concurso

First study of all Amazon greenhouse gases suggests the

damaged forest is now worsening climate change

The Amazon rainforest is most likely now a net contributor to warming of the planet, according to a first-of-its-kind analysis from more than 30 scientists.

For years, researchers have expressed concern that rising temperatures, drought, and deforestation are reducing the capacity of the world’s largest rainforest to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and help offset emissions from fossil-fuel burning. Recent studies have even suggested that some portions of the tropical landscape already may release more carbon than they store.

But the inhaling and exhaling of CO2 is just one way this damp jungle, the most species-rich on Earth, influences the global climate. Activities in the Amazon, both natural and human-caused, can shift the rainforest’s contribution in significant ways, warming the air directly or releasing other greenhouse gases that do.

Yet no team had ever tried to assess the cumulative impact of these processes, even as the region is being rapidly transformed. The research estimates that atmospheric warming from all of these sources combined now appears to swamp the forest’s natural cooling effect.

The damage, however, can still be reversed. Halting global emissions from coal, oil, and natural gas would help restore balance, but curbing Amazon deforestation is a must, along with reducing dam building and increasing efforts to replant trees. Continuing to clear land at current rates appears certain to make warming worse for the entire world.

Internet:<www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).

First study of all Amazon greenhouse gases suggests the

damaged forest is now worsening climate change

The Amazon rainforest is most likely now a net contributor to warming of the planet, according to a first-of-its-kind analysis from more than 30 scientists.

For years, researchers have expressed concern that rising temperatures, drought, and deforestation are reducing the capacity of the world’s largest rainforest to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and help offset emissions from fossil-fuel burning. Recent studies have even suggested that some portions of the tropical landscape already may release more carbon than they store.

But the inhaling and exhaling of CO2 is just one way this damp jungle, the most species-rich on Earth, influences the global climate. Activities in the Amazon, both natural and human-caused, can shift the rainforest’s contribution in significant ways, warming the air directly or releasing other greenhouse gases that do.

Yet no team had ever tried to assess the cumulative impact of these processes, even as the region is being rapidly transformed. The research estimates that atmospheric warming from all of these sources combined now appears to swamp the forest’s natural cooling effect.

The damage, however, can still be reversed. Halting global emissions from coal, oil, and natural gas would help restore balance, but curbing Amazon deforestation is a must, along with reducing dam building and increasing efforts to replant trees. Continuing to clear land at current rates appears certain to make warming worse for the entire world.

Internet:<www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).

First study of all Amazon greenhouse gases suggests the

damaged forest is now worsening climate change

The Amazon rainforest is most likely now a net contributor to warming of the planet, according to a first-of-its-kind analysis from more than 30 scientists.

For years, researchers have expressed concern that rising temperatures, drought, and deforestation are reducing the capacity of the world’s largest rainforest to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and help offset emissions from fossil-fuel burning. Recent studies have even suggested that some portions of the tropical landscape already may release more carbon than they store.

But the inhaling and exhaling of CO2 is just one way this damp jungle, the most species-rich on Earth, influences the global climate. Activities in the Amazon, both natural and human-caused, can shift the rainforest’s contribution in significant ways, warming the air directly or releasing other greenhouse gases that do.

Yet no team had ever tried to assess the cumulative impact of these processes, even as the region is being rapidly transformed. The research estimates that atmospheric warming from all of these sources combined now appears to swamp the forest’s natural cooling effect.

The damage, however, can still be reversed. Halting global emissions from coal, oil, and natural gas would help restore balance, but curbing Amazon deforestation is a must, along with reducing dam building and increasing efforts to replant trees. Continuing to clear land at current rates appears certain to make warming worse for the entire world.

Internet:<www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).

First study of all Amazon greenhouse gases suggests the

damaged forest is now worsening climate change

The Amazon rainforest is most likely now a net contributor to warming of the planet, according to a first-of-its-kind analysis from more than 30 scientists.

For years, researchers have expressed concern that rising temperatures, drought, and deforestation are reducing the capacity of the world’s largest rainforest to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and help offset emissions from fossil-fuel burning. Recent studies have even suggested that some portions of the tropical landscape already may release more carbon than they store.

But the inhaling and exhaling of CO2 is just one way this damp jungle, the most species-rich on Earth, influences the global climate. Activities in the Amazon, both natural and human-caused, can shift the rainforest’s contribution in significant ways, warming the air directly or releasing other greenhouse gases that do.

Yet no team had ever tried to assess the cumulative impact of these processes, even as the region is being rapidly transformed. The research estimates that atmospheric warming from all of these sources combined now appears to swamp the forest’s natural cooling effect.

The damage, however, can still be reversed. Halting global emissions from coal, oil, and natural gas would help restore balance, but curbing Amazon deforestation is a must, along with reducing dam building and increasing efforts to replant trees. Continuing to clear land at current rates appears certain to make warming worse for the entire world.

Internet:<www.nationalgeographic.com> (adapted).

Texto 2A2-I

O termo “refugiado ambiental” é utilizado para se referir às pessoas que fogem de onde vivem, em razão de problemas como seca, erosão dos solos, desertificação, inundações, desmatamento, mudanças climáticas, entre outros. A migração causada por eventos climáticos não é nova, mas tende a intensificar-se. O tema é bastante atual, mas, na obra Vidas Secas, o escritor Graciliano Ramos já tratava, embora com outras palavras, dos refugiados do clima do semiárido brasileiro.

Vidas Secas não é um romance de seca, no entanto. A centralidade dessa obra literária está em um “ano bom”, ou seja, um ano de chuvas na caatinga. O sétimo capítulo, localizado bem no centro da obra, composta por 13 capítulos, é intitulado “Inverno”, o que remete ao período de chuvas na região. Essa visão contraria certa leitura superficial da obra.

Graciliano Ramos acreditava em um mundo com mais justiça social e menos desigualdades no Nordeste, para o que era necessário transformar o modelo de sociedade extremamente perverso que caracterizava as relações sociais no meio rural.

Ao mostrar a vida da uma família de sertanejos durante um ano de “inverno”, com relativa segurança e estabilidade, o escritor alagoano questionou as relações sociais excludentes e tensivas, que impediam essa família de viver com mais estabilidade no Nordeste brasileiro.

Na obra, quando a família ocupou uma fazenda abandonada, no fim de uma seca, o vaqueiro parecia satisfeito. Mas suas esperanças esmoreceram, pois as chuvas vieram e, com elas, também o proprietário da fazenda, sob o domínio do qual o vaqueiro passou a viver, sendo humilhado, enganado, animalizado.

Somente com muita insistência, Fabiano conseguiu ficar trabalhando ali como vaqueiro. Moraria com a família pouco “mais de um ano” numa “casa velha” da fazenda.

Para o escritor de Vidas Secas, a opressão à família de Fabiano era causada por questões sociais, não pela seca. Caso tivesse acesso à terra e à água, a família conseguiria obter o sustento, como resultado do seu esforço e trabalho.

A condição climática natural da caatinga era instrumentalizada pelos latifundiários para a exploração de uma população extremamente vulnerável à seca, como era o caso da família de Fabiano e sinhá Vitória.

A concentração fundiária era, e continua sendo, uma das formas mais perversas de impedir a autonomia dos pequenos produtores rurais do semiárido brasileiro. O romance denuncia a realidade social dos sertanejos pobres que viviam no Nordeste da época, cujo cotidiano era marcado pela opressão, humilhação, miséria, espoliação econômica e extremas privações, sobretudo nos períodos de seca.

Internet: <https://www.letrasambientais.org.br> (com adaptações)