Questões de Concurso

This text refers to questions from 39 to 41

    There are very broad trends that affect almost all industries and we can see them manifest in specific ways in each industry. Generally, there is, as if it were, a kind of a “perfect storm” gathering. With the more widespread adoption of the Internet, more and more users are turning to it for e-commerce, trading, reservations, gambling, and so on. This in turn increases the numbers of transaction and information processing that need to be conducted in near-real-time. In addition, organizations are using more and more real-time systems to analyze information on-the-fly and make automated decisions based on this information analysis in real time. This is also becoming feasible because of the significant reductions in the cost of computing infrastructure: powerful machines based on commodity x86 architectures, open source operating systems (Linux, Solaris), etc. With grid technologies (such as GigaSpaces), they can aggregate these machines into powerful computer systems previously only possible with expensive mainframes and proprietary SMP machines.

Internet: <http://www.drdobbs.com> (adapted).

Atenção: Considere o texto a seguir para responder às questões de números 58 a 60.

Internet insecurity

Once more unto the breach
Jun 3rd 2011, 11:02 by M.G. | SAN FRANCISCO

    DEFENCE companies have been left defenceless. The cyber attacks against Lockheed Martin and L-3 Communications, two American defence giants, as well as those against Google and America’s Public Broadcasting System (PBS) differ in their details. But they all highlight the fact that hackers are becoming ever more tenacious and creative in their attempts to get their hands on sensitive data.

    It’s not just American firms that are under attack. On June 2nd, a group of hackers calling itself “LulzSec” claimed that it had been able to get into the network of Sony Pictures. LulzSec (which also uses the moniker “The Lulz Boat”) claims it is behind the hacking of PBS’s website too.

    The rise of “hacktivism”, which involves groups of hackers not necessarily driven by financial gain (though this can be a handy by-product of their nefarious activities), poses a growing challenge to companies and governments. Often the motive is revenge. LulzSec claimed its attack on PBS was motivated by the media organisation’s decision to air an investigative report that included criticism of WikiLeaks, the organisation that has been publishing leaked diplomatic cables. Anonymous, a hacker collective that has gained global notoriety for penetrating the networks of credit-card companies and other organisations, has also justified some of its actions by saying they are protests at the way in which Julian Assange, the founder of WikiLeaks, has been persecuted by governments and courts.

(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/06/internet-insecurity)

Atenção: Considere o texto a seguir para responder às questões de números 58 a 60.

Internet insecurity

Once more unto the breach
Jun 3rd 2011, 11:02 by M.G. | SAN FRANCISCO

    DEFENCE companies have been left defenceless. The cyber attacks against Lockheed Martin and L-3 Communications, two American defence giants, as well as those against Google and America’s Public Broadcasting System (PBS) differ in their details. But they all highlight the fact that hackers are becoming ever more tenacious and creative in their attempts to get their hands on sensitive data.

    It’s not just American firms that are under attack. On June 2nd, a group of hackers calling itself “LulzSec” claimed that it had been able to get into the network of Sony Pictures. LulzSec (which also uses the moniker “The Lulz Boat”) claims it is behind the hacking of PBS’s website too.

    The rise of “hacktivism”, which involves groups of hackers not necessarily driven by financial gain (though this can be a handy by-product of their nefarious activities), poses a growing challenge to companies and governments. Often the motive is revenge. LulzSec claimed its attack on PBS was motivated by the media organisation’s decision to air an investigative report that included criticism of WikiLeaks, the organisation that has been publishing leaked diplomatic cables. Anonymous, a hacker collective that has gained global notoriety for penetrating the networks of credit-card companies and other organisations, has also justified some of its actions by saying they are protests at the way in which Julian Assange, the founder of WikiLeaks, has been persecuted by governments and courts.

(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/06/internet-insecurity)

Atenção: Considere o texto a seguir para responder às questões de números 58 a 60.

Internet insecurity

Once more unto the breach
Jun 3rd 2011, 11:02 by M.G. | SAN FRANCISCO

    DEFENCE companies have been left defenceless. The cyber attacks against Lockheed Martin and L-3 Communications, two American defence giants, as well as those against Google and America’s Public Broadcasting System (PBS) differ in their details. But they all highlight the fact that hackers are becoming ever more tenacious and creative in their attempts to get their hands on sensitive data.

    It’s not just American firms that are under attack. On June 2nd, a group of hackers calling itself “LulzSec” claimed that it had been able to get into the network of Sony Pictures. LulzSec (which also uses the moniker “The Lulz Boat”) claims it is behind the hacking of PBS’s website too.

    The rise of “hacktivism”, which involves groups of hackers not necessarily driven by financial gain (though this can be a handy by-product of their nefarious activities), poses a growing challenge to companies and governments. Often the motive is revenge. LulzSec claimed its attack on PBS was motivated by the media organisation’s decision to air an investigative report that included criticism of WikiLeaks, the organisation that has been publishing leaked diplomatic cables. Anonymous, a hacker collective that has gained global notoriety for penetrating the networks of credit-card companies and other organisations, has also justified some of its actions by saying they are protests at the way in which Julian Assange, the founder of WikiLeaks, has been persecuted by governments and courts.

(Adapted from http://www.economist.com/blogs/babbage/2011/06/internet-insecurity)

Atenção: Considere o texto a seguir, para responder às questões de números 58 a 60.

Microsoft touts Windows 8's ability to detect, fix hard disk problems

The new operating system makes the process faster and less disruptive to the operation of the computer
By Juan Carlos Perez
May 10, 2012 04:46 PM ET

    IDG News Service − Microsoft has revamped the way Windows 8 monitors hard disk operations and detects problems in an effort to make the diagnostic and repair process less intrusive and disruptive, even as disk capacity continues to balloon.
    The improvements in Windows 8 center on the ChkDsk utility, which inspects the hard disk and checks for a variety of errors and problems. Until now, running ChkDsk has often been inconvenient ..58.. end users have to stop using the machine while the utility runs, and the scan can take a long time to complete.
    Microsoft also tweaked NTFS, the Windows OS file system. Until now, the NTFS "health model" conceived the machine's hard disk as a single unit that was either well or damaged, and which thus was taken completely offline and made unavailable to the end user while ChkDsk ran, sometimes for hours.
    "Downtime was directly proportional to the number of files in the volume," reads Microsoft's blog post late Wednesday authored by Kiran Bangalore, senior program manager of Windows Core Storage and File Systems.
    In Windows 8, however, the NTFS scans for problems in the background while the system remains online, and an initial attempt to fix problems on-the-fly is done.

(Adapted from http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9227070/Microsoft_touts_Windows_8_s_ability_to_detect_fix_hard_disk_problems)