Questões de Concurso

According to Rojo (2009), literacy involves social practices of reading and writing that are historically and culturally situated. Thus, it is understood as a set of practices that enables individuals to effectively participate in society by interpreting and producing texts in various social contexts. Additionally, the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) defines multiliteracies as the practices of reading and producing texts that are constructed through different languages or semioses.

During a 9th-grade English class, the teacher designs a lesson around the theme Local Heroes. The students begin by watching a short subtitled documentary about Mestre João, a capoeira master who offers free classes to children in the school’s neighborhood. Working in groups, they then create posters and voice recordings in English to present other individuals they know who make a difference in their community. Some students choose sports figures, others highlight musicians or teachers. In order to support the lesson, the teacher prepares a didactic sequence that incorporates elements of digital literacy. Throughout the activities, she encourages students to express themselves meaningfully in English, prioritizing authentic communication and social relevance over grammatical perfection and form-focused drills.

During a 9th-grade English class, the teacher designs a lesson around the theme Local Heroes. The students begin by watching a short subtitled documentary about Mestre João, a capoeira master who offers free classes to children in the school’s neighborhood. Working in groups, they then create posters and voice recordings in English to present other individuals they know who make a difference in their community. Some students choose sports figures, others highlight musicians or teachers. In order to support the lesson, the teacher prepares a didactic sequence that incorporates elements of digital literacy. Throughout the activities, she encourages students to express themselves meaningfully in English, prioritizing authentic communication and social relevance over grammatical perfection and form-focused drills.

During a 9th-grade English class, the teacher designs a lesson around the theme Local Heroes. The students begin by watching a short subtitled documentary about Mestre João, a capoeira master who offers free classes to children in the school’s neighborhood. Working in groups, they then create posters and voice recordings in English to present other individuals they know who make a difference in their community. Some students choose sports figures, others highlight musicians or teachers. In order to support the lesson, the teacher prepares a didactic sequence that incorporates elements of digital literacy. Throughout the activities, she encourages students to express themselves meaningfully in English, prioritizing authentic communication and social relevance over grammatical perfection and form-focused drills.

Some authors deepen the understanding of scaffolding from the perspective of sociocultural learning theories, highlighting it as a form of dialogic and adaptive mediation that emerges through interaction between learners and more experienced interlocutors. Scaffolding is presented as an essential pedagogical tool that enables learners to perform linguistic tasks that are not yet within their autonomous reach, as long as they fall within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). The support provided is responsive to the learner’s momentary needs and should be gradually withdrawn as the learner becomes more competent.

What distinguishes these authors’ approach is their view of scaffolding not as mere assisted instruction, but as a dynamic process of co-constructing meaning in socially situated contexts. They emphasize that in order to foster genuine linguistic development, teaching must go beyond the transmission of grammatical rules and actively create opportunities for authentic language use, where error and negotiation are integral to the learning process. Thus, scaffolding becomes a link between participation, interaction, and development, enabling learners to appropriate language as a cultural tool.

LANTOLF, J. P.; POEHNER, M. E.; THORNE, S. L. Sociocultural Theory and L2 Development. In: VANPATTEN, B.; KEATING, G.;

WULFF, S. (Eds.). Theories in Second Language Acquisition: An Introduction. New York: Routledge,2020 (adapted).